Table 1 Heritage conservation evaluation tools and their drawbacks

1. Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment: International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)

Heritage impact assessment (HIA) originated in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) framework as a tool to assess the impacts caused by new interventions on cultural heritage assets (Egusquiza et al. 2018)

2. Reactive Monitoring (RM) and Periodic Reporting (PR) by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

RM is an evaluation tool for monitoring the state of conservation of sites that fall on the World Heritage in Danger list. PR does not provide any information on the nature of the threat but provides a quantitative value that allows for comparison between sites over time.

3. Facility Performance Evaluation (FPE)

This evaluation method is at the building level. FPE assesses the performance of a facility/heritage building in terms of its intended use for revitalisation or rehabilitation projects.

4. Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE)

This is one of the most widely used evaluation measures for assessing the performance of a building. The POE process is a stage that needs to be oriented towards the end user’s satisfaction and expectations.

5. Conservation Performance Indicator (CPI)- National Trust, UK

The CPI seeks to evaluate the performance of only selected prominent features and does not consider the built fabric’s setting.