Table 3 List chosen for identifying the influential factors of an urban heritage conservation project (source: adapted from Chen, Yoo, and Hwang. Factors added to the existing list by the author)

Physical aspect (10)

 Preservation of the historic built environment, preservation of the urban pattern and issues of the historic city, preservation of the overall style and features of the conservation area, heritage authenticity and interpretation, environmental enhancement, spatial transformation of the historic built form, the compatibility of older land uses with new land uses, adaptation of the historic quality of the mixed-use environment to modern conditions, infrastructure improvement, and buffer zone treatment

Social aspect (9)

 Residents’ living standards, the community of low-income residents should be retained, supporting strategy for low-income residents when relocation is unavoidable, low-income residents are protected from the impact of gentrification, public participation, public and private initiatives, the maintenance of public openness during the decision-making process, social cohesion, and tourism and the host community

Economic aspect (8)

 Economic needs, the economic viability of conservation, the funding system, financial support, taking advantage of private and public resources, land value and taxes, special tourist interest, consolidation of the urban economy

Political aspect (10)

 The power structure, developing a community and culture-led agenda, the planning process, the relocation of residents, incremental renovation, policy agendas, management of the heritage site, the generation and maintenance of political support, the orientation of development, and cooperation among the central government, the local government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and inhabitants

Cultural aspect (6)

 Enhance the sense of place and local culture, retain significant meaning and associations with the community, cultural needs, conserving culture, the strengthening of indigenous cultural traditions and forms, and enhance identity and collective memory

Continuity aspect (5)

 Environmental continuity, ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, and political sustainability