Table 8 List of factors and their descriptions

Physical aspect: conservation of the built form and the urban fabric of tangible nature that surrounds it

1. Preservation of the historic built environment

Preserving and conserving the historic built environment

2. Preservation of the urban pattern and issues of the historic city

Preserving the urban fabric of the historic city, i.e., the street network, urban spaces, etc.

3. Preservation of the overall style and features of the conservation area

Preserving and conserving the character of the conservation area: the unique style and features of the area

4. Heritage authenticity and interpretation

The integrity of the historic built environment and its interpretation

5. Environmental enhancement

Enhancing the immediate surroundings around heritage buildings

6. Spatial transformation of the historic built form

The adaptive capability of heritage buildings

7. Compatibility of older land uses with new land uses

The compatibility of historic land uses with modern land uses

8. Adaptation of the historic quality of the mixed-use environment to modern conditions

The adaptability of the mixed-use character of historic cities to modern conditions

9. Infrastructure improvement

the upgrading of infrastructure in heritage buildings

10. Buffer zone treatment

Treating the areas beyond heritage buildings

Social aspect: associated with the needs and concerns of users, the local community and the urban population

1. Residents’ living standards

The quality of life of the residents living within the heritage site

2. Community of low-income residents should be retained

Low-income residents, who are most often the original inhabitants of the area, are retained

3. Supporting strategy for low-income residents when relocation is unavoidable

The provision of supporting mechanisms to retain low-income residents

4. Low-income residents are protected from the impact of gentrification.

the need to protect low-income residents from being impacted by gentrification due to tourism

5. Public participation

The inclusion of the public in the project

6. Public and private initiatives

Public and private initiatives aimed to upgrade the quality of life of the community.

7. Maintenance of public openness during the decision-making process

The depth of participation: to what extent are the participants involved in the decision-making process

8. Social cohesion

The community’s ability to achieve common goals to protect its heritage

9. Tourism and the host community

The influence of tourism on the host community

Economic aspect: economic benefits for users and the financial feasibility of conservation

1. Economic needs

The economic status of the community living within historic urban areas

2. Economic viability of conservation

The ability to derive economic value for heritage sites

3. Funding system

The provision of external funding for maintaining heritage areas

4. Financial support

The provision of financial incentives for maintaining heritage sites

5. Taking advantage of private and public resources

The provision of funding through public‒private partnerships

6. Land value and taxes

Changing land value and taxes as part of being a part of the urban historic area

7. Special tourist interest

The provision of economic services as part of the tourism industry

8. Consolidation of the urban economy

Constraining further economic development within the boundaries of pre-existing historic urban areas

Political aspect: focuses on the politics and processes associated with various levels of an urban heritage conservation project

1. Power structure

The need to consider the power dynamics in the process of planning for an urban heritage area

2. Developing a community and culture-led agenda

Proposing a community and culture-led agenda in the planning framework

3. Planning process

The formulation of plans in urban heritage areas

4. Relocation of residents

Planning policies aimed at the relocation of the original residents in urban heritage areas

5. Incremental renovation

Renovation works may be split into different phases in a project

6. Policy agendas

Policy agendas on development in urban historic areas

7. Management of the heritage site

The management of the site by multiple stakeholders

8. Generation and maintenance of political support

Political participation and political support at all levels of government

9. Orientation of development

Measuring whether future development is oriented towards maintaining the historic character of the area

10. Cooperation among the central government, the local government, NGOs, and inhabitants

Cooperation among all levels of governance for project implementation and the project outcome.

Cultural aspect: associated with preserving the social and cultural values associated with the heritage site

1. Enhance the sense of place and local culture

Protecting and maintaining the heritage of tangible and intangible nature

2. Retain significant meaning and associations with the community

Retaining the original significance of the place associated with the community

3. Cultural needs

The needs that must be met for an individual to thrive based on his or her cultural background

4. Conserving culture

Intangible aspects of cultural heritage preserved

5. Strengthening of indigenous cultural traditions and forms

Preserving the cultural identity of indigenous communities

6. Enhance identity and collective memory

The cultural identity of the historic area collectively remembered by the people.

Continuity aspect: associated with dimensions leading to sustainable conservation

1. Environmental continuity

Maintaining the historic character of the area for future generations

2. Ecological sustainability

Resource consumption and preservation actions needed with relatively low impact on the environment.

3. Economic sustainability

Maintaining long-term financial stability

4. Socio-cultural sustainability

Maintaining cultural heritage, beliefs and practices across all generations

5. Political sustainability

The capacity of policy, once enacted, to maintain its integrity and functionality in the face of endogenous policy feedback