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Table 2 The heritage protection laws in Gulf Cooperation Countries

From: New perspectives on World Heritage management in the GCC legislation

Legally binding principal cultural heritage law

Country

Year of issue

Full name

Kuwait

1960

Princely Decree No. 11 of 1960 of the Law of Antiquities, amended by Law 9 of 1994 Establishing the Council for Culture, Arts and Letters.

Qatar

1980

Law No. 2 of 1980 on Antiquities.

(Draft new law is under review)

Bahrain

1995

Decree-Law No 11 of 1995 for the Protection of Antiquities.

Saudi Arabia

2014

Royal Decree No 9/M of 2014 issuing Law of Antiquities, Museums and Urban Heritage.

Oman

2019

Cultural Heritage Law promulgated by Royal Decree 35/2019, amended by the Royal Decree 41/2020.

United Arab Emirates

2017 Federal Law

2020 Sharjah

Federal Law No. 11 of 2017 on Antiquities;

Law No. 4 of 2020 on Cultural Heritage of Sharjah.