Table 3 Circular governance indicators for long-term sustainability-based heritage policy (developed by the authors)
Main Indicators | Sub-indicators | Explanation following the literature |
|---|---|---|
The Knowledge and Data Exchange Circle | Smart Data Exchange Tools | (Raid, September 27, 2016; ROCK 2019; Giulio 2021; Choudhury 2022;). Examples are augmented reality technologies to enhance people’s perception of a heritage site, large crowd monitoring tools, and 3D laser surveys |
Cultural Corridors | Planning a district connecting multiple cultural attractions (ICLEI 2020) | |
CE Step-By-Step Co-Planning Solutions | CE-based participative co-planning solutions, considering heritage assets as an entry point for circular city planning | |
Urban Seeds | Implementing a step-by-step low-cost co-planning solution aimed at attracting people to use a space (Acri et al. 2021) | |
The Cultural Circle | Open Access | Providing full access to high-quality cultural content to the community (ROCK 2019) |
New Uses of Space | Organising temporary cultural programmes with open events including photography exhibitions, performances for adults and children, and different thematic workshops (ROCK 2019) | |
Creativity | Increasing public places through small artwork interventions where abandoned space becomes a place of community and an incubator of creativity The ability of people to access culture while appropriating their right to participate in cultural life and their freedom of cultural expression, including artistic and creative freedom (UNESCO 2019, p. 79; Kaddar et.al. 2022; Tricarico et.al. 2022; Pratt 2022) | |
The Regeneration Circle | Social Trends | Affording better building and streetscape conditions suitable for a modern lifestyle and job creation (Said et al. 2013) |
Economic Trends | ||
Environmental Trends | Resource efficiency, climate change and urban resilience | |
Political Governance Trends | The commitment from the authority to ensure heritage sustainability Improvement of the relationship between the government and the private sector Decentralisation, cross-sectorial administrative work, integration, and multilevel coordination between stakeholders (Blanco et al. 2011) | |
Technological Trends | Building a participative methodology for the development of a smart framework to define the needs and requirements of heritage-led regeneration actions (Turillazzi et al. 2020) | |
The Safety and Security Circle | Protection by National and Municipal Executives | Rule of law, a policing system (DCAF 2019) |
Social, Physical, and Psychological Equity | Considering the individual and the social psychology ‘in understanding the ontological (in)securities of the societies’ (Grenville 2007) | |
Control by National and Municipal Executives | Democratic governance, land use planning, urban lighting, risk mitigation, disaster resilience, ownership clearance, and safe mobility (DCAF 2019; Marra et al. 2021) | |
The Environmental Circle | Green Climate Services | Promoting the slow use of the city relying on HUL regeneration (Acri et al. 2021) Mitigating climate change through adaptive reuse (Conejos et al. 2016) Access to adaptive reuse reflecting CE concepts (Foster and Kreinin 2020) |
Green Procurement | ‘The acquisition of goods, works […] whose results have the least possible harmful effects on the environment’ (McFarland 2018) |