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Table 1 Types of spatial sequences. Three types of spaces, i.e., enclosed spaces, enclaved spaces and open spaces, are summarised and identified, including ten subtypes of spatial sequences

From: Exploring visitors’ visual perception along the spatial sequence in temple heritage spaces by quantitative GIS methods: a case study of the Daming Temple, Yangzhou City, China

Types of spaces

Spatial patterns

Characteristics

Properties

Enclosed

A: the level of accessibility, area < 50 m2

the level of visibility, area < 50 m2

Spatially centripetal inwards and enclosed

Small area of both level of visibility and accessibility; the space is both closed and centripetal

B: the level of accessibility, area < 50 m2

the level of visibility, area = 50–490 m2

with diffusion, which induces visitors’ movements

C: the level of accessibility, area = 50–490 m2

the level of visibility, area = 50–490 m2

Inwards and stable

Enclave (Semi-open)

D: the level of accessibility, area < 50 m2

the level of visibility, area = 490–9,500 m2

Extroversion, induces movements

Fewer areas with relatively high levels of accessibility; more areas with relatively high levels of visibility

The view is more open

E: the level of accessibility, area < 50 m2

the level of visibility, area = 9,500–19,400 m2

Outwards facing, wide-open views

F: the level of accessibility, area = 50–490 m2

the level of visibility, area = 490–9,500 m2

Relative spatial stability; inwards spatial equilibrium

G: the level of accessibility, area = 50–490 m2

the level of visibility, area = 9,500–19,400 m2

Relatively stable, with ‘borrowed landscape’

Open

H: the level of accessibility, area = 490–9,500 m2

the level of visibility, area = 490–9,500 m2

Relatively high level of openness

The level of accessibility and the level of visibility are both high. Weak sense of spatial enclosure

I: the level of accessibility, area = 490–9,500 m2

the level of visibility, area = 9,500–19,400 m2

Open spaces

J: the level of accessibility, area = 9,500–19,400 m2

the level of visibility, area = 9,500–19,400 m2

Blurred spatial boundaries; vast