Approaches to sustaining people–place bonds in conservation planning: from value-based, living heritage, to the glocal community

Built Heritage

Table 1 Three different approaches to sustaining people–place bonds in conservation planning

Approach	Value-based assessment	Living heritage approach	Glocal community-based approach
Key stakeholder (WHO lead)	Local government/heritage authorities	Indigenous community (long-established community)	Glocal community (heritage professional in assistance)
Long-standing population %	High/medium	High	Low
Level of tourism	Medium/low	Low	High, or even overtourism
Source of sense of place	Place-based community	Place-based community	Interest-based community
How to capture sense of place	Surveys and interviews, writing historical narratives, and mapping	Community-led initiatives	Narrative documentation, memory recording, perception visualisation via digital platform
How to incorporate the captured sense of place into conservation planning	Expert-led assessment to inform decision-making	Community-led initiatives	Participatory & dynamic documentation to inform decision-making